NSDD-189 defines “fundamental research” and directs the U.S. government to keep the results of fundamental research unrestricted to the maximum extent possible and that, when necessary for national security reasons, information should be controlled by classification. The NSDD defines fundamental research as “…basic and applied research in science and engineering, the results of which ordinarily are published and shared broadly within the scientific community, as distinguished from proprietary research and from industrial development, design, production, and product utilization, the results of which ordinarily are restricted for proprietary or national security reasons.”